Atomic Theories

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Of air no traces of H-atoms were obtained. Elements other than the foregoing have not yet been examined for particles having a range less than 32 cms. In air.
The particles from all the first-mentioned elements have a maximum range of at least 40 cms. The particles from aluminium have a surprisingly long range of 80 cms.
While there is no experimental evidence of the nature of these particles, except in the case of nitrogen, it seems probable that they are all H-atoms liberated at different spe
...eds. Assuming the law connecting the range and velocity of the H-particles to be the same as that for the a-particles, it would appear that the energy of the H-particles from aluminium is about 25 per cent greater than the energy of the incident a-particle.
Rutherford and Chadwick remark : "It is of interest to note that no effect is observed in ' pure ' elements [those without isotopes such as C, N, and F] the atomic mass of which is given by 4n, where n is a whole number. The effect is, however, marked in many of the elements the mass of which is given by 4w+ 2, or 4w-j-3.


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