Guilds in the Middle Ages
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{a) The political interest of Sovereigns is to subdue rival powers within their territories. For this reason they first attacked the liberties of any cities where the spirit was bad, that is to say, as a King of Prussia said later, frondeur, intractable, or restless. In Spain their fueros were taken from them ; in France, town liberties decreased, till they were almost entirely destroyed by Richelieu and Louis XIV. In Germany, the number of free Hanseatic cities dropped from eighty to three.
Th...e Italian republics fell one by one under the domina- tion of a monarch, and, though Venice survived, she had concentrated her government in the hands of three State judges, magistrates as autocratic and irresponsible as kings. In the Low Countries, Bruges lost all juris- diction over her suburbs in 1435, and Ghent lost the power in 145 1, and also the right to nominate the, aldermen. Liege, like her neighbour Dinant, was destroyed, crushed, reduced to nothing. In the follow- ing century Antwerp, suspected of sympathy with the Reformation, lived under the Spanish yoke, pillaged and down-trodden.
What to read after Guilds in the Middle Ages?
You can find similar books in the "Read Also" column, or choose other free books by Renard, Georges François, 1847-1930 to read onlineMoreLess
To quickly assess the difficulty of the text, read a short excerpt:
{a) The political interest of Sovereigns is to subdue rival powers within their territories. For this reason they first attacked the liberties of any cities where the spirit was bad, that is to say, as a King of Prussia said later, frondeur, intractable, or restless. In Spain their fueros were taken from them ; in France, town liberties decreased, till they were almost entirely destroyed by Richelieu and Louis XIV. In Germany, the number of free Hanseatic cities dropped from eighty to three.
Th...e Italian republics fell one by one under the domina- tion of a monarch, and, though Venice survived, she had concentrated her government in the hands of three State judges, magistrates as autocratic and irresponsible as kings. In the Low Countries, Bruges lost all juris- diction over her suburbs in 1435, and Ghent lost the power in 145 1, and also the right to nominate the, aldermen. Liege, like her neighbour Dinant, was destroyed, crushed, reduced to nothing. In the follow- ing century Antwerp, suspected of sympathy with the Reformation, lived under the Spanish yoke, pillaged and down-trodden.
What to read after Guilds in the Middle Ages?
You can find similar books in the "Read Also" column, or choose other free books by Renard, Georges François, 1847-1930 to read onlineMoreLess
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