Second Chambers in Practice in Modern Legislative Systems Considered in Relation

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In the discussion the following opinions were expressed : That the ideal would be to get rid of the Cabinet by conducting affairs of each Department by Committee That the Cabinet system might prove an instrument for encroachment by the Crown That the Government was carried on to a dangerous degree by permanent officials who possess undue power That though the author was unduly optimistic, the British Constitution could not with advantage be exchanged for any other in existence Committees would ...be unsuitable as substitutes for Ministers, but desirable as a supplement to them, the need for a Committee on Estimates being specially obvious A Committee for Foreign Affairs would break down because success occasionally depended upon immediate action. 128 THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT IN RELA- TION TO SUGGESTIONS FOR THE FUTURE, INCLUDING EXTENSION OF FRANCHISE, ELIMINATION OF PLURAL VOTER, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION, AND THE RE- FERENDUM. BY J. RAMSAY MACDONALD, M. P. Extension of Franchise, in that it would supply new experience of and outlook on life and new motives for legislation, is necessary, and would make House of Commons more representative, but would not affect necessity or otherwise of check upon its authority by Second Chamber The only important section of the community that would be enfranchised would be women, but their votes would not be likely to make any great difference to the nature of our legislation Present system of Plural Voting neither sound in principle nor rational in practice Property no test of political ability or public virtue Propor- tional representation would not alter existing conditions for the better, indeed it would lower practical efficiency of Parliament and lessen its representative character Referendum would reduce responsibility of Governments and remove effective authority of Parliament to disorganised mass of the people ; it is reactionary in its working, and its control over legislation is unreal Only satisfactory check on Democracy is inward check of its own intelligence and vigilance.

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