The Electronic Conception of Valence And the Constitution of Benzene
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Ter 120 THE ELECTRONIC CONCEPTION OF VALENCE + Li . OH. In Holleman's formula for the ortho addition com- pound, the hydrogen atom of position 2 or 6 is eliminated with the hydroxyl radical of position I ; and in the para addition com- pound the hydrogen atom of position 4 is likewise eliminated with hydroxyl of position I. Since the elimination of water is the + union of H and OH, it follows that the hydrogen atoms of positions 2, 4, and 6 of the ortho and para nitro-compounds of Holleman are ...positive. Consequently, from the symmetry standpoint, the hydrogen atoms or substituents of position I, 3, and 5 are negative. As a matter of fact, the ortho and para nitro-compounds, in which X = Cl or Br, readily exchange X for hydroxyl on treatment with aqueous potassium hydroxide ; since OH is negative, X is accordingly negative.
Having correlated Holleman's ortho and para compounds with the electronic formulae, consider, on the other hand, his formula for the meta addition compound. Here, HO unites + with the free valences of carbon 'atoms 2 or 6, while NO 2 com- bines with those of atoms 3 or 5.
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To quickly assess the difficulty of the text, read a short excerpt:
Ter 120 THE ELECTRONIC CONCEPTION OF VALENCE + Li . OH. In Holleman's formula for the ortho addition com- pound, the hydrogen atom of position 2 or 6 is eliminated with the hydroxyl radical of position I ; and in the para addition com- pound the hydrogen atom of position 4 is likewise eliminated with hydroxyl of position I. Since the elimination of water is the + union of H and OH, it follows that the hydrogen atoms of positions 2, 4, and 6 of the ortho and para nitro-compounds of Holleman are ...positive. Consequently, from the symmetry standpoint, the hydrogen atoms or substituents of position I, 3, and 5 are negative. As a matter of fact, the ortho and para nitro-compounds, in which X = Cl or Br, readily exchange X for hydroxyl on treatment with aqueous potassium hydroxide ; since OH is negative, X is accordingly negative.
Having correlated Holleman's ortho and para compounds with the electronic formulae, consider, on the other hand, his formula for the meta addition compound. Here, HO unites + with the free valences of carbon 'atoms 2 or 6, while NO 2 com- bines with those of atoms 3 or 5.
What to read after The Electronic Conception of Valence And the Constitution of Benzene?
You can find similar books in the "Read Also" column, or choose other free books by Harry Shipley Fry to read onlineMoreLess
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