The Principles of Comparative Philology

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The Principles of Comparative Philology
A H Archibald Henry Sayce
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189 languages will be different, and not interchange- able. How much more will this be the case when the two nations did not start from the same source I The grammar of pigeon-English is not English, but Chinese ; the grammar of Persian remains Aryan. The formative part of language must ever be the surest differentia of linguistic kinsmanship.^ Of late years, however, the attention of European scholars has been attracted to a case of great difficulty which apparently contradicts our con- clusio...ns. Inscriptions of the Sassanian era have been found in Persia, written in what seem to be two dialects, now generally termed Chaldado- Pehlevi and Sassanian-Pehlevi Greek transcripts 1 Spiegel, in his " Arisohe Studien/' pt. 1, Nr. ii. pp. 46-61, has endeavoured to point out that the Zend of the Aveeta has been influenced by the proximity of Semitic languages both grammati- cally and lexically. He traces this influence in the Zend use of the feminine to denote a neuter (or abstract), and of the dual to denote pairs, in the employment of the verb in the plural or singular after a dual, and of collective plurals (though Greek, too, has rd Biipta r/o^erai) in the accusative which expresses the condition, in the verbal nouns which govern the cases of their verbs, in the use of the imperfect and infinitive, and of words like m/QiOy ** hand," for might '* (after the fashion of Semitic), as well as in the occurrence of purely Semitic terms such as tanHraj the Heb.

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