The History of England: From the Earliest Period to 1839
The History of England: From the Earliest Period to 1839
Thomas Keightley
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If a tenant in chief transferred his land, a fine for alienation was due to the king. If he died without heirs of his blood, or was attainted fdr treason or fel- ony, the land reverted to the lord. Such were the main features of feudalism iii Eng- land ; and when we consider the wardships and mar- riages (both peculiar to English feudalism), and the arbitrary nature of reliefs and aids, we may fairly look upon it as a system of slavery and oppression.*!" We are now to consider the condition of ...the church at this time ; for which purpose we must sketch the vast project of sacerdotal dominion formed by the as- piring mind of Pope Gregory VII. In consequence, chiefly, of the imbecile superstition of the kings of France, the episcopal order had made great advances towards the acquisition of a power * The principle of the relief was certainly less unjust than that of the modern legacy-duty in England. t " A feudaJ kingdom/' says Mackintosh^ " was a confederacy of a numerous body of lords, who lived in a state of war against each other, and of rapine against all mankind ; in which the king* according to his ability and vigour, was either a cipher or a ty- rant, and a great portion of the people were reduced to personal slavery." For a full and interesting account of the feudal system, its establishment, institutions, character, and effects, see Hsulam's Middle Ages, p.
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